Single-phase rectifier

ABSTRACT

This single phase rectification apparatus connects a full wave rectification circuitry ( 3 ) to a single phase A.C. power source ( 1 ) through a reactor ( 2 ), connects a pair of smoothing diodes ( 5 ) which is connected in series to one another between the output terminals of the full wave rectification circuitry ( 3 ), connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of diodes ( 4 ) in parallel to the series connection circuitry ( 5 ) of the pair of the smoothing diodes, connects the center point of the pair of the diodes ( 4 ) and the center point of the pair of the smoothing diodes ( 5 ) to one another, and connects an A.C. capacitor ( 6 ) between one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry ( 3 ) and the center point of the pair of the smoothing diodes ( 5 ), so that decrease in size and in cost are realized for the single phase rectification apparatus in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a single phase rectification apparatus.More particularly, the present invention relates to a single phaserectification apparatus which has a fundamental arrangement in which afull wave rectification circuitry is connected to a single phase A.C.power source by interposing a reactor.

BACKGROUND ART

Rectifier loads are rapidly increased following employing of an inverterfor air conditioning apparatus, lighting devices or the like in recentyears. The rectifier loads have greater generation amount of higherharmonics in comparison to those of conventional A.C. devices.Therefore, voltage deformation is generated in a power system,disadvantages such as humming, combustion or the like of a phaseadvancing capacitor and a transformer. A higher harmonicas suppressionguide line and an IEC standard are established for dealing with suchdisadvantages.

Under such condition, a circuitry of FIG. 20 in which a voltage doublerrectification circuitry illustrated in FIG. 15 is employed as afundamental circuitry, is proposed as a system which enables improvementin power factor and decreasing in higher harmonics of a capacitor inputtype rectification circuitry (refer to “Higher Harmonics DecreasingMethod of a Single Phase Diode Rectification Circuitry”, Denki GakkaiHandoutai Denryoku Henkan Kenshi SPC-96-3, for example).

The circuitry of FIG. 20 is different from the circuitry of FIG. 15 inthat a couple of A.C. capacitors connected in series to one another areemployed instead of a pair of electrolytic capacitors connected inparallel to one another. That is, capacitances of the pair of serialcapacitors are determined to be smaller, the capacitors being employedfor obtaining a D.C. center point voltage. And, a current conductionangle is enlarged by pulsating the center point voltage followingcharging and discharging of the capacitors by the A.C. power source.

The voltage doubler rectification circuitry, illustrated in FIG. 15,operates by two modes (refer to mode 1 and mode 3) so that a voltagewhich is about double of a peak value of a power source wave (refer toFIG. 18 which represent voltage waveform of each section and FIG. 19which represent current waveform of each section). The two modesalternately charge the pair of serial capacitors using half waves of thepower source, the serial capacitors being connected in series to a D.C.section.

When the capacitances of the pair of serial capacitors connected to theD.C. section are determined to be small so as to discharge thecorresponding serial capacitor within a time interval of a half cycle ofthe power source, the corresponding serial capacitor is fully dischargedwithin the time interval of the half cycle of the power source, as isillustrated in FIG. 20. Therefore, the D.C. voltage becomes smaller thanthe peak value of the power source wave so that operation modes (referto mode 2 in FIGS. 22, 25 and 26, and mode 4 in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26) forfull wave rectification are generated. Further, the serial capacitorsare started their charging from timings when the power source voltage is0 so that the conduction angle in current is enlarged and the powerfactor is improved.

This circuitry is charged and discharged using the half waves of thepower source voltage so that a voltage pulsating extent of the serialcapacitors becomes 0±Vdc1. A.C. capacitors are suitable as the serialcapacitors employed in the circuitry because of the limitation in ripplecurrents. But, the D.C. voltage of Vdc1/2 is overlapped, as isillustrated in FIG. 25, so that the disadvantage arises in that thevoltage utilization factor becomes bad.

In other words, the capacitance of the serial capacitor has a smallvalue which is about {fraction (1/10)} of that of the voltage doublerrectification circuitry, so that a ripple current flowing through theserial capacitor is great. Therefore, the application of a cheapelectrolyte capacitor is difficult which is popularly employed in a D.C.circuitry. The reason is that the capacitance and the ripple currenthave a proportional relationship to one another. An A.C. capacitancehaving a great allowable current is employed, accordingly. But,enlargement in size and increase in cost are generated in an entirerectification circuitry, because a D.C. voltage which is half of anoutput voltage of a rectification circuitry is overlapped to the A.C.capacitor and consequently the A.C. capacitor should have a ratedvoltage which corresponds to an A.C. voltage which is to be applied.

Further, a system which has a voltage four times or three timesrectification circuitry as a fundamental arrangement is proposed as asystem which improves the power factor and decreases higher harmonics ofthe voltage doubler rectification circuitry (refer to “Higher HarmonicsDecreasing Method of a Single Phase Diode Rectification Circuitry”,Ken-Ichiro Fujiwara, Hiroshi Nomura, Denki Gakkai Handoutai DenryokuHenkan Kenshi SPC-96-3, and “Single Phase Diode Rectification CircuitryHaving Small Higher Harmonics Current”, Isao Takahashi, Kazutaka Hori,Dengakuron D, Vol. 115, No. 10, Heisei 7 nen, pp1215-1220). “HigherHarmonics Decreasing Method of a Single Phase Diode RectificationCircuitry” among them enlarges the conduction angle in current bydetermining the capacitance of the two serial capacitances for obtainingthe D.C. center point voltage and by pulsating the center point voltageby charging and discharging due to the A.C. power source. Further,“Single Phase Diode Rectification Circuitry Having Small HigherHarmonics Current” is an improved example from the voltage three timesrectification circuitry.

Each system performs charging and discharging using a capacitor inmultiple stages so that enlargement in size and increase in cost in adevice are caused by increase in a number of parts. Therefore, eachsystem is difficult to be applied to a device in practice.

The present invention was made in view of the above problems.

It is an object of the present invention to offer a single phaserectification apparatus which enables decrease in size and decrease incost in its entirety.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a full waverectification circuitry to a single phase A.C. power source through areactor, connects a pair of smoothing capacitors between the outputterminals of the full wave rectification circuitry, the smoothingcapacitors being connected in series to one another, connects a pair ofdiodes connected in series to one another in parallel to the pair ofsmoothing capacitors, connects the central point of the pair of thediodes and the center point of the pair of smoothing capacitors throughan A.C. switch which operates to shut off both central points when loadis light, and connects an A.C. capacitor between the one input terminalof the full wave rectification circuitry and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects the center point of thepair of diodes and the center point of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors to one another through an A.C. switch which is controlled itsignition angle using phase controlling.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects the center point of thepair of the diodes and the center point of the smoothing capacitors toone another through an A.C. switch which is made of a self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction angle.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects the center point of thepair of the diodes and the center point of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors to one another through a serial connection circuitry of aninductor and an A.C. switch which is controlled its ignition angle usingphase controlling.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects the center point of thepair of the diodes and the center point of the smoothing capacitors toone another through an A.C. switch which is made of a self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction phase.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a parallel connectioncircuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry and a pair of boostingcapacitors connected in series to one another to a single phase A.C.power source through a reactor, connects a pair of diodes in series toone another to the series connection circuitry of the pair of theboosting capacitors in parallel, connects the center point of the pairof the diodes and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors to one another through an A.C. switch which operates to shutoff both central points when load is light, and connects an A.C.capacitor between an input terminal of the half wave rectificationcircuitry and the center point of the pair of the boosting capacitors.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects an A.C. switch betweenthe center point of the boosting capacitors and the center point of thepair of the diodes, the A.C. switch being controlled its ignition angleusing phase controlling.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects an A.C. switch betweenthe center point of the boosting capacitors and the center point of thepair of the diodes, the A.C. switch being made of a self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction angle.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a series connectioncircuitry of an A.C. switch and an inductor between the center point ofthe boosting capacitors and the center point of the pair of the diodes,the A.C. switch being controlled its ignition angle using phasecontrolling.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects an A.C. switch betweenthe center point of the boosting capacitors and the center point of thepair of the diodes, the A.C. switch being made of a self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction phase.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a full waverectification circuitry to a single phase A.C. power source through areactor, connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of smoothingcapacitors between output terminals of the full wave rectificationcircuitry, connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of diodes inparallel to the series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors, connects an A.C. capacitor between the center point of theseries connection circuitry of the pair of the diodes and one inputterminal of the full wave rectification circuitry, and includes a switchfor selectively carrying out full wave rectification operation andvoltage doubler rectification operation.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a parallel connectioncircuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry and a pair of smoothingcapacitors connected in series to one another to a single phase A.C.power source through a reactor, connects a series connection circuitryof a pair of first diodes in parallel to the series connection circuitryof the pair of the smoothing capacitors, connects a series connectioncircuitry of a pair of second diodes in parallel to the half waverectification circuitry, connects an A.C. capacitor between the centerpoint of the pair of the second diodes and the center point of the pairof the first diodes, connects a first switch between the center point ofthe pair of the second diodes and the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry, connects a second switch between the centerpoint of the pair of the smoothing capacitors and the center point ofthe first diodes, connects a terminal among the series connectioncircuitry of the single phase A.C. power source and the reactor whichterminal is not connected to the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry, to the center point of the pair of thesmoothing capacitors through a third switch which operates in linkagewith the first switch, and connects the terminal to the center point ofthe pair of the second diodes through a fourth switch.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a full waverectification circuitry to an A.C. power source through a reactor,connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of smoothing capacitorsbetween the output terminals of the full wave rectification circuitry,connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of diodes in parallelto the series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors, connects the center point of the pair of the diodes and thecenter point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors to one anotherthrough an A.C. capacitor, and connects an A.C. switch between one inputterminal of the full wave rectification circuitry and the center pointof the pair of the smoothing diodes, which A.C. switch operates a shutoff operation condition when load is light.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects the one input terminalof the full wave rectification circuitry and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors to one another through an A.C. switchwhich is controlled its ignition angle by phase controlling.

A single phase rectification circuitry connects the one input terminalof the full wave rectification circuitry and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors to one another through an A.C. switchwhich is made of a self arc extinguishing element for controlling aconduction angle.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects the one input terminalof the full wave rectification circuitry and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors to one another through a seriesconnection circuitry of an inductor and an A.C. switch which iscontrolled its ignition angle using phase controlling.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects the one input terminalof the full wave rectification circuitry and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors to one another through an A.C. switchwhich is made of a self arc extinguishing element for controlling aconduction phase.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a parallel connectioncircuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry and a pair of boostingcapacitors connected in series to one another to a single phase A.C.power source through a reactor, connects a series connection circuitryof a pair of diodes in parallel to the series connection circuitry ofthe pair of the boosting capacitors, connects the center point of thepair of the diodes and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors to one another through an A.C. capacitor, and connects anA.C. switch between the input terminal of the half wave rectificationcircuitry and the center point of the pair of the boosting capacitorswhich A.C. switch operates in a shut off operation condition when loadis light.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects an A.C. switch betweenthe input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry and thecenter point of the pair of the boosting capacitors which A.C. switch iscontrolled its ignition angle using phase controlling.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects an A.C. switch betweenthe input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry and thecenter point of the pair of the boosting capacitors which A.C. switch ismade of self arc extinguishing element for controlling a conductionangle.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a series connectioncircuitry of an A.C. switch and an inductor between the input terminalof the half wave rectification circuitry and the center point of thepair of the boosting capacitors which A.C. switch is controlled itsignition phase using phase controlling.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects an A.C. switch betweenthe input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry and thecenter point of the pair of the boosting capacitors which A.C. switch ismade of self arc extinguishing element for controlling a conductionphase.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a full waverectification circuitry to a single phase A.C. power source through areactor, connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of smoothingcapacitors between the output terminals of the full wave rectificationcircuitry, connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of diodes inparallel to the series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors, connects an A.C. capacitor between the center point of theseries connection circuitry of the pair of the diodes and the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors, and includes a switch for selectively carrying full waverectification operation and voltage doubler rectification operation.

A single phase rectification apparatus connects a parallel connectioncircuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry and a pair of smoothingcapacitors connected in series to one another to a single phase A.C.power source through a reactor, connects a series connection circuitryof a pair of first diodes connected in series to one another in parallelto the series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors, connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of seconddiodes in parallel to the half wave rectification circuitry, connects asecond switch between the center point of the pair of the second diodesand the center point of the pair of the first diodes, connects a firstswitch between the center point of the pair of the second diodes and theinput terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry, connects anA.C. capacitor between the center point of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors and the center point of the pair of the first diodes,connects a terminal among the series connection circuitry of the singlephase A.C. power source and the reactor which terminal is on a sidewhich is not connected to the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry, to the center point of the pair of thesmoothing capacitors through a third switch which operates in linkagewith the first switch, and connects the terminal to the center point ofthe pair of the second diodes through a fourth switch.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a full wave rectification circuitry to a single phase A.C.power source through a reactor, connects a pair of smoothing capacitorsbetween the output terminals of the full wave rectification circuitry,the smoothing capacitors being connected in series to one another,connects a pair of diodes connected in series to one another in parallelto the pair of smoothing capacitors, connects the central point of thepair of the diodes and the center point of the pair of smoothingcapacitors through an A.C. switch which operates to shut off bothcentral points when load is light, and connects an A.C. capacitorbetween the one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitryand the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors. Therefore,withstand voltages of all capacitors can be determined to be half ofthose of capacitors in conventional rectification apparatus illustratedin FIGS. 15 and 20, because the A.C. capacitor is connected between theD.C. center point and the one A.C. power source terminal which D.C.center point is obtained by the series connection circuitry of the pairof the smoothing capacitors. A number of the A.C. capacitors can bedecreased to half number in comparison with the conventionalrectification circuitry illustrated in FIG. 20. The series connectioncircuitry can be made with electrolyte capacitors instead of A.C.capacitors. As a result, decrease in size and in cost for the singlephase rectification apparatus in its entirety are realized. Further, anover voltage in the D.C. section is prevented from occurrence and therated voltage of the A.C. switch can be determined to be a half of thatof the conventional rectification apparatus, because the one inputterminal of the full wave rectification circuitry and the center pointof the pair of the smoothing capacitors are connected to one anotherthrough the A.C. switch which operates in shut off condition when loadis light.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects the center point of the pair of diodes and the center point ofthe pair of the smoothing capacitors to one another through an A.C.switch which is controlled its ignition angle using phase controlling.Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can be controlled and theoperations and effects similar to those described herein can berealized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus according to claim 3 isemployed, the apparatus connects the center point of the pair of thediodes and the center point of the smoothing capacitors to one anotherthrough an A.C. switch which is made of a self arc extinguishing elementfor controlling a conduction angle. Therefore, higher harmonics and aD.C. voltage can be controlled and the operations and effects similar tothose described herein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects the center point of the pair of the diodes and the center pointof the pair of the smoothing capacitors to one another through a serialconnection circuitry of an inductor and an A.C. switch which iscontrolled its ignition angle using phase controlling. Therefore, higherharmonics and a D.C. voltage can be controlled, the A.C. switch cansecurely be performed its shut off condition even when a load current isgreat, and the operations and effects similar to those described hereincan be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects the center point of the pair of the diodes and the center pointof the smoothing capacitors to one another through an A.C. switch whichis made of a self arc extinguishing element for controlling a conductionphase. Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can be controlledand the operations and effects similar to those described herein can berealized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a parallel connection circuitry of a half wave rectificationcircuitry and a pair of boosting capacitors connected in series to oneanother to a single phase A.C. power source through a reactor, connectsa pair of diodes in series to one another to the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the boosting capacitors in parallel, connectsthe center point of the pair of the diodes and the center point of thepair of the boosting capacitors to one another through an A.C. switchwhich operates to shut off both central points when load is light, andconnects an A.C. capacitor between an input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors. Therefore, voltage doubler rectification operation can berealized by the pair of the boosting capacitors. And, decrease in higherharmonics can be realized by determining the capacitance of the pair ofthe boosting capacitors to be equal to that of boosting capacitors ofconventional voltage doubler rectification circuitry. The currentconduction width can be enlarged and the power factor can be improved bysupplying the advancing current by the A.C. capacitor during currentnon-conduction interval of a conventional voltage doubler rectificationcircuitry. Further, complexation in arrangement can be prevented fromoccurrence and decrease in size and in cost of a device are realizedbecause the apparatus is sufficiently arranged by adding only one A.C.capacitor to a fundamental circuitry for voltage doubler rectification.Decrease in power factor due to the advancing current can be preventedfrom occurrence and the rated voltage of the A.C. switch can bedetermined to be half of that of a conventional A.C. switch, because theA.C. switch is connected between the center point of the pair of theboosting capacitors and the center point of the pair of the diodes whichA.C. switch operates in shut off condition when load is light.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects an A.C. switch between the center point of the boostingcapacitors and the center point of the pair of the diodes, the A.C.switch being controlled its ignition angle using phase controlling.Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can be controlled and theoperations and effects similar to those described herein can berealized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects an A.C. switch between the center point of the boostingcapacitors and the center point of the pair of the diodes, the A.C.switch being made of a self arc extinguishing element for controlling aconduction angle. Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can becontrolled and the operations and effects similar to those describedherein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a series connection circuitry of an A.C. switch and an inductorbetween the center point of the boosting capacitors and the center pointof the pair of the diodes, the A.C. switch being controlled its ignitionangle using phase controlling. Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C.voltage can be controlled, the A.C. switch can securely be performed itsshut off condition even when a load current is great, and the operationsand effects similar to those described herein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects an A.C. switch between the center point of the boostingcapacitors and the center point of the pair of the diodes, the A.C.switch being made of a self arc extinguishing element for controlling aconduction phase. Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can becontrolled and the operations and effects similar to those describedherein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus according to claim 11 isemployed, the apparatus connects a full wave rectification circuitry toa single phase A.C. power source through a reactor, connects a seriesconnection circuitry of a pair of smoothing capacitors between outputterminals of the full wave rectification circuitry, connects a seriesconnection circuitry of a pair of diodes in parallel to the seriesconnection circuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors, connectsan A.C. capacitor between the center point of the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the diodes and one input terminal of the fullwave rectification circuitry, and includes a switch for selectivelycarrying out full wave rectification operation and voltage doublerrectification operation. Therefore, the voltage doubler rectificationoperation and the full wave rectification operation can be selected byoperating the switch. As a result, the D.C. voltages equal to oneanother despite the voltages of the single phase A.C. power sources canbe supplied by performing the voltage doubler rectification operationwhen the single phase A.C. power source has 100V and by performing thefull wave rectification operation when the single phase A.C. powersource has 200V. In other words, the apparatus can cope with the singlephase A.C. power sources having voltages which are different from oneanother. Of course, decrease in higher harmonics and improvement inpower factor are realized, similarly to those described herein, when thevoltage doubler rectification operation is performed.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a parallel connection circuitry of a half wave rectificationcircuitry and a pair of smoothing capacitors connected in series to oneanother to a single phase A.C. power source through a reactor, connectsa series connection circuitry of a pair of first diodes in parallel tothe series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors,connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of second diodes inparallel to the half wave rectification circuitry, connects an A.C.capacitor between the center point of the pair of the second diodes andthe center point of the pair of the first diodes, connects a firstswitch between the center point of the pair of the second diodes and theinput terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry, connects asecond switch between the center point of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors and the center point of the first diodes, connects a terminalamong the series connection circuitry of the single phase A.C. powersource and the reactor which terminal is not connected to the inputterminal of the half wave rectification circuitry, to the center pointof the pair of the smoothing capacitors through a third switch whichoperates in linkage with the first switch, and connects the terminal tothe center point of the pair of the second diodes through a fourthswitch. Therefore, the voltage doubler rectification operation and thefull wave rectification operation can be selected by operating the firstswitch, the second switch and the fourth switch. As a result, the D.C.voltages equal to one another despite the voltages of the single phaseA.C. power sources can be supplied by performing the voltage doublerrectification operation when the single phase A.C. power source has 100Vand by performing the full wave rectification operation when the singlephase A.C. power source has 200V. In other words, the apparatus can copewith the single phase A.C. power sources having voltages which aredifferent from one another. Of course, decrease in higher harmonics andimprovement in power factor are realized, similarly to those describedherein, when the voltage doubler rectification operation is performed.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a full wave rectification circuitry to an A.C. power sourcethrough a reactor, connects a series connection circuitry of a pair ofsmoothing capacitors between the output terminals of the full waverectification circuitry, connects a series connection circuitry of apair of diodes in parallel to the series connection circuitry of thepair of the smoothing capacitors, connects the center point of the pairof the diodes and the center point of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors to one another through an A.C. capacitor, and connects anA.C. switch between one input terminal of the full wave rectificationcircuitry and the center point of the pair of the smoothing diodes,which A.C. switch operates a shut off operation condition when load islight. Therefore, withstand voltages of all capacitors can be determinedto be half of those of capacitors in conventional rectificationapparatus illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 20, because the A.C. capacitor isconnected between the D.C. center point and the one A.C. power sourceterminal which D.C. center point is obtained by the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors. A number of the A.C.capacitors can be decreased to half number in comparison with theconventional rectification circuitry illustrated in FIG. 20. The seriesconnection circuitry can be made with electrolyte capacitors instead ofA.C. capacitors. As a result, decrease in size and in cost for thesingle phase rectification apparatus in its entirety are realized.Further, an over voltage in the D.C. section is prevented fromoccurrence and short current flowing through the A.C. switch can beprevented from occurrence, because the center point of the pair of thediodes and the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors areconnected to one another through the A.C. switch which operates in shutoff condition when load is light.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects the one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitryand the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors to oneanother through an A.C. switch which is controlled its ignition angle byphase controlling. Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can becontrolled and the operations and effects similar to those describedherein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification circuitry is employed, the apparatusconnects the one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitryand the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors to oneanother through an A.C. switch which is made of a self arc extinguishingelement for controlling a conduction angle. Therefore, higher harmonicsand a D.C. voltage can be controlled and the operations and effectssimilar to those of claim 13 can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects the one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitryand the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors to oneanother through a series connection circuitry of an inductor and an A.C.switch which is controlled its ignition angle using phase controlling.Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can be controlled, theA.C. switch can securely be performed its shut off condition even when aload current is great, and the operations and effects similar to thosedescribed herein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects the one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitryand the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors to oneanother through an A.C. switch which is made of a self arc extinguishingelement for controlling a conduction phase. Therefore, higher harmonicsand a D.C. voltage can be controlled and the operations and effectssimilar to those described herein can be realized.

FIGS. 27 are diagrams useful in understanding timings of a controlsignal for the A.C. switch which timings correspond to the power sourcewaveform {refer to FIG. 27(A)}. FIG. 27(B) represents the control signaldescribed herein. FIG. 27(C) represents the control signal describedherein. FIG. 27(D) represents the control signal described herein. And,FIG. 27(E) represents the control signal described herein.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a parallel connection circuitry of a half wave rectificationcircuitry and a pair of boosting capacitors connected in series to oneanother to a single phase A.C. power source through a reactor, connectsa series connection circuitry of a pair of diodes in parallel to theseries connection circuitry of the pair of the boosting capacitors,connects the center point of the pair of the diodes and the center pointof the pair of the boosting capacitors to one another through an A.C.capacitor, and connects an A.C. switch between the input terminal of thehalf wave rectification circuitry and the center point of the pair ofthe boosting capacitors which A.C. switch operates in a shut offoperation condition when load is light. Therefore, voltage doublerrectification operation can be realized by the pair of the boostingcapacitors. And, decrease in higher harmonics can be realized bydetermining the capacitance of the pair of the boosting capacitors to beequal to that of boosting capacitors of conventional voltage doublerrectification circuitry. The current conduction width can be enlargedand the power factor can be improved by supplying the advancing currentby the A.C. capacitor during current non-conduction interval of aconventional voltage doubler rectification circuitry. Further,complexation in arrangement can be prevented from occurrence anddecrease in size and in cost of a device are realized because theapparatus is sufficiently arranged by adding only one A.C. capacitor toa fundamental circuitry for voltage doubler rectification. Decrease inpower factor due to the advancing current can be prevented fromoccurrence and the short current flowing through the A.C. switch can beprevented from occurrence, because the A.C. switch is connected betweenthe center point of the pair of the boosting capacitors and the centerpoint of the pair of the diodes which A.C. switch operates in shut offcondition when load is light.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects an A.C. switch between the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors which A.C. switch is controlled its ignition angle usingphase controlling. Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can becontrolled and the operations and effects similar to those describedherein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects an A.C. switch between the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors which A.C. switch is made of self arc extinguishing elementfor controlling a conduction angle. Therefore, higher harmonics and aD.C. voltage can be controlled and the operations and effects similar tothose described herein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a series connection circuitry of an A.C. switch and an inductorbetween the input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry andthe center point of the pair of the boosting capacitors which A.C.switch is controlled its ignition phase using phase controlling.Therefore, higher harmonics and a D.C. voltage can be controlled, theA.C. switch can securely be performed its shut off condition even when aload current is great, and the operations and effects similar to thosedescribed herein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects an A.C. switch between the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors which A.C. switch is made of self arc extinguishing elementfor controlling a conduction phase. Therefore, higher harmonics and aD.C. voltage can be controlled and the operations and effects similar tothose described herein can be realized.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a full wave rectification circuitry to a single phase A.C.power source through a reactor, connects a series connection circuitryof a pair of smoothing capacitors between the output terminals of thefull wave rectification circuitry, connects a series connectioncircuitry of a pair of diodes in parallel to the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors, connects an A.C.capacitor between the center point of the series connection circuitry ofthe pair of the diodes and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors, and includes a switchfor selectively carrying full wave rectification operation and voltagedoubler rectification operation. Therefore, the voltage doublerrectification operation and the full wave rectification operation can beselected by operating the switch. As a result, the D.C. voltages equalto one another despite the voltages of the single phase A.C. powersources can be supplied by performing the voltage doubler rectificationoperation when the single phase A.C. power source has 100V and byperforming the full wave rectification operation when the single phaseA.C. power source has 200V. In other words, the apparatus can cope withthe single phase A.C. power sources having voltages which are differentfrom one another. Of course, decrease in higher harmonics andimprovement in power factor are realized, similarly to those describedherein, when the voltage doubler rectification operation is performed.

When the single phase rectification apparatus is employed, the apparatusconnects a parallel connection circuitry of a half wave rectificationcircuitry and a pair of smoothing capacitors connected in series to oneanother to a single phase A.C. power source through a reactor, connectsa series connection circuitry of a pair of first diodes connected inseries to one another in parallel to the series connection circuitry ofthe pair of the smoothing capacitors, connects a series connectioncircuitry of a pair of second diodes in parallel to the half waverectification circuitry, connects a second switch between the centerpoint of the pair of the second diodes and the center point of the pairof the first diodes, connects a first switch between the center point ofthe pair of the second diodes and the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry, connects an A.C. capacitor between the centerpoint of the pair of the smoothing capacitors and the center point ofthe pair of the first diodes, connects a terminal among the seriesconnection circuitry of the single phase A.C. power source and thereactor which terminal is on a side which is not connected to the inputterminal of the half wave rectification circuitry, to the center pointof the pair of the smoothing capacitors through a third switch whichoperates in linkage with the first switch, and connects the terminal tothe center point of the pair of the second diodes through a fourthswitch. Therefore, the voltage doubler rectification operation and thefull wave rectification operation can be selected by operating the firstswitch, the second switch and the fourth switch. As a result, the D.C.voltages equal to one another despite the voltages of the single phaseA.C. power sources can be supplied by performing the voltage doublerrectification operation when the single phase A.C. power source has 100Vand by performing the full wave rectification operation when the singlephase A.C. power source has 200V. In other words, the apparatus can copewith the single phase A.C. power sources having voltages which aredifferent from one another. Of course, decrease in higher harmonics andimprovement in power factor are realized, similarly to those describedherein, when the voltage doubler rectification operation is performed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of an embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a first operationmode (mode 1) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a second operationmode (mode 2) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a third operationmode (mode 3) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a fourth operationmode (mode 4) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating voltage waveforms of each section ofthe single phase rectification apparatus which is illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating current waveforms of each section ofthe single phase rectification apparatus which is illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating changing in D.C. voltages with respectto output power;

FIG. 9 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a fifth operationmode (mode 5) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a sixth operationmode (mode 6) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of a singlephase rectification apparatus of an example for suppressing the increasein voltage;

FIG. 12 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of a singlephase rectification apparatus of another example for suppressing theincrease in voltage;

FIG. 13 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of a singlephase rectification apparatus of a further example for suppressing theincrease in voltage;

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating higher harmonics analysis result;

FIG. 15 is an electric diagram illustrating a voltage doublerrectification circuitry;

FIG. 16 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a first operationmode (mode 1) of the voltage doubler rectification circuitry;

FIG. 17 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a secondoperation mode (mode 2) of the voltage doubler rectification circuitry;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating voltage waveforms of each section ofthe voltage doubler rectification circuitry;

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating current waveforms of each section ofthe voltage doubler rectification circuitry;

FIG. 20 is an electric diagram illustrating a conventional circuitrywhich includes the voltage doubler rectification circuitry as afundamental circuitry;

FIG. 21 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a first operationmode (mode 1) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a secondoperation mode (mode 2) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG.20;

FIG. 23 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a third operationmode (mode 3) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 20;

FIG. 24 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a fourthoperation mode (mode 4) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG.20;

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating voltage waveforms of each section ofthe circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 20;

FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating current waveforms of each section ofthe circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 20;

FIGS. 27(A)-(E) are diagrams useful in understanding the timings of thecontrol signal for controlling the A.C. switch in correspondence withthe power source waveform;

FIG. 28 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification circuitryof a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 29 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a first operationmode (mode 1) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a secondoperation mode (mode 2) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG.28;

FIG. 31 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a third operationmode (mode 3) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 28;

FIG. 32 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a fourthoperation mode (mode 4) of the circuitry which is illustrated in FIG.28;

FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating voltage waveforms of each section ofthe single phase rectification apparatus which is illustrated in FIG.28:

FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating current waveforms of each section ofthe single phase rectification apparatus which is illustrated in FIG.28:

FIG. 35 is an electric diagram illustrating a voltage doublerrectification fundamental circuitry;

FIG. 36 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a secondoperation mode (mode 2) of the voltage doubler rectification fundamentalcircuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 35;

FIG. 37 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a fourthoperation mode (mode 4) of the voltage doubler rectification fundamentalcircuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 35;

FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating voltage waveforms of each section ofthe voltage doubler rectification fundamental circuitry which isillustrated in FIG. 35;

FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating current waveforms of each section ofthe voltage doubler rectification fundamental circuitry which isillustrated in FIG. 35;

FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between higherharmonics current effective values of each order of the voltage doublerrectification fundamental circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 35 andthe IEC standard class A (conversion into 100V);

FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between higherharmonics current effective values of each order of the single phaserectification circuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 28 and the IECstandard class A (conversion into 100V);

FIG. 42 is a diagram useful in understanding a fifth operation mode mode5 of the single phase rectification circuitry which is illustrated inFIG. 28;

FIG. 43 is a diagram useful in understanding a sixth operation mode mode6 of the single phase rectification circuitry which is illustrated inFIG. 28;

FIG. 44 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of an examplewhich dissolves the disadvantage in that an advancing current flows whenload is light;

FIG. 45 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of anotherexample which dissolves the disadvantage in that an advancing currentflows when load is light;

FIG. 46 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 47 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 48 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 49 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 50 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a first operationmode (mode 1) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 49;

FIG. 51 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a secondoperation mode (mode 2) of the single phase rectification apparatuswhich is illustrated in FIG. 49;

FIG. 52 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a third operationmode (mode 3) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 49;

FIG. 53 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a fourthoperation mode (mode 4) of the single phase rectification apparatuswhich is illustrated in FIG. 49;

FIG. 54 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 55 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a first operationmode (mode 1) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 54;

FIG. 56 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a secondoperation mode (mode 2) of the single phase rectification apparatuswhich is illustrated in FIG. 54;

FIG. 57 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a third operationmode (mode 3) of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 54;

FIG. 58 is an electric diagram useful in understanding a fourthoperation mode (mode 4) of the single phase rectification apparatuswhich is illustrated in FIG. 54;

FIG. 59 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 60 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 61 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 62 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 63 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 64 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 65 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIG. 66 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention;

FIGS. 67A and 67B are electric diagrams useful in understanding theeffect of an inductor which is connected in series to a TRIAC; and

FIG. 68 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, referring to the attached drawings, we explain single phaserectification apparatus of embodiments according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 1 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of an embodiment according to the present invention.

In this single phase rectification apparatus, a reactor 2 is connectedto a single phase A.C. power source 1, and a full wave rectificationcircuitry 3 is connected to the serial circuitry of the single phaseA.C. power source 1 and the reactor 2. And, a series connectioncircuitry 4 of a pair of diodes and a series connection circuitry 5 of apair of electrolyte capacitors are connected in parallel to one anotherbetween the output terminals of the full wave rectification circuitry 3.The center point of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of thediodes and the center point of the series connection circuitry 5 of thepair of the electrolyte capacitors are connected to one another throughan A.C. switch 7. An A.C. capacitor 6 is connected between the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 5 of the pair of theelectrolyte capacitors and one input terminal (in FIG. 1, an inputterminal to which the reactor 2 is not connected) of the full waverectification circuitry. It is sufficient that the A.C. capacitor 6 isconnected between one input terminal of the full wave rectificationcircuitry 3 and the center point of the series connection circuitry 5 ofthe pair of the electrolyte capacitors. For example, the A.C. capacitor6 may be connected between the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes and one input terminal of the fullwave rectification circuitry 3. Also, it is possible that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes andone input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry 3 areconnected to one another directly, and that the A.C. capacitor 6 isconnected between the center point of the series connection circuitry 5of the pair of the electrolyte capacitors and the center point of theseries connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes. When theconnection position of the A.C. capacitor 6 is one of the abovepositions, operations and effects are realized which are similar to oneanother. Further, the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of thediodes is used for discharging the accumulated charge of the A.C.capacitor 6 when the A.C. switch is shut off and for clamping theapplication voltage of the A.C. switch 7 by −Vdc3/2 and +Vdc3/2.

FIGS. 2-5 are diagrams useful in understanding the operation mode mode1-mode 4 of the single phase rectification apparatus which isillustrated in FIG. 1. Voltage waveforms of each section illustrated inFIG. 6 and current waveforms of each section illustrated in FIG. 7 areobtained by sequentially repeating those operation modes. The A.C.capacitor 6 is charged by the D.C. voltage Vdc3 which is obtained at thecenter point of the series connection circuit 5 of the pair of theelectrolyte capacitors and the half wave of the power source voltage Vs2so that the voltage changing extent of the A.C. capacitor 6 becomes−Vdc3/2−+Vdc3/2, thereby the application voltage of the A.C. capacitor 6is determined to be an A.C. waveform. Further, it is sufficient that therated voltage of each electrolyte capacitor is half of that of theelectrolyte capacitor illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 20, because eachelectrolyte capacitor of the series connection circuit 5 is connected inseries to one another to the D.C. section.

The charge current for the A.C. capacitor 6 is double current and thevoltage ripple is nearly equal to that of the conventional apparatuswhich is illustrated in FIG. 20, and the application voltage for eachelectrolyte capacitor of the series connection circuitry 5 is half ofthat of the conventional apparatus and the current for each electrolytecapacitor of the series connection circuitry 5 is equal to that of theconventional apparatus. Further, the conduction interval of eachoperation mode which is illustrated in one of FIG. 2 through FIG. 5 isequal to the conduction interval of the operation modes which areillustrated in FIG. 21 through FIG. 24. Therefore, the input currentwaveform which is in synchronism with that of the conventional apparatuswhich is illustrated in FIG. 20 (refer to FIG. 7 and FIG. 26), when thecapacitance of each capacitor is determined to be the double capacitanceof each capacitor which is illustrated in FIG. 20.

As is apparent from the foregoing description, a number of expensiveA.C. capacitors can be decreased to be 1 which was 2 in the apparatuswhich is illustrated in FIG. 20. And, the withstand voltage of allcapacitors can be decreased to ½ of that of the capacitor of theapparatus which is illustrated in FIG. 20. As a result, decrease in sizeand in cost are realized for the single phase rectification apparatus inits entirety. Higher harmonics analysis result is an analysis resultwhich is illustrated in FIG. 14 when the reactor 2 is determined to have18 mH, the A.C. capacitor 6 is determined to have 40 micro F, and theinput power is determined to have 2 kW, therefore input current waveformaccuracy in conformity to the IEC class A standards is obtained evenwhen the rated voltages of elements are determined to be half of thoseof the conventional system.

The single phase rectification circuitry illustrated in FIG. 1 has acircuitry arrangement which includes the voltage doubler rectificationcircuitry as the fundamental circuitry so that the D.C. voltage rises todouble voltage of the peak value of the power source voltage waveformwhen load is light and when the A.C. switch 7 is not opened (turnedoff).

FIG. 8 illustrates variations in the D.C. voltage with respect to theoutput power. Wherein, white circles represent the variations due to thevoltage doubler rectification, white squares represent the variationsdue to the full wave rectification, black circles represent thevariations due to the single phase rectification circuitry which isillustrated in FIG. 1, and black squares represent the variations due tosuppression in voltage increase which is described later, respectively.

When the suppression in voltage increase is not performed, the D.C.voltage increases because the discharge current of each electrolytecapacitor of the series connection circuitry 5 becomes smaller followingthe decrease in load. As to the above operation modes, this correspondsto the decrease in conduction interval of the full wave rectificationoperation (mode 2 and mode 4). When the D.C. voltage becomes equal to ormore than the peak value of the power source voltage waveform, theapparatus performs only the voltage doubler rectification operation(mode 1 and mode 3). Further, the voltage doubler characteristic becomesdominant when load is light.

But, the single phase rectification circuitry illustrated in FIG. 1opens (turns off) the A.C. switch 7 when load is light so that theoperation mode (mode 5 and mode 6) is generated which discharges theaccumulation charge of the A.C. capacitor 6 through the seriesconnection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes, as is illustrated inFIGS. 9 and 10. As a result, the center point of the series connectioncircuit 4 of the pair of the diodes and the center point of the seriesconnection circuit 5 of the pair of the electrolyte capacitors are shutoff from one another so as to perform only the full wave rectificationoperation, therefore the D.C. voltage can be determined to be equal toor less than the peak value of the power source voltage waveform.Further, the voltage of the A.C. capacitor 8 becomes zero by dischargingthe accumulation charge of the A.C. capacitor 6 through the seriesconnection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes, and the rectificationoperation of the operation mode (mode 2 and mode 4) continueshereinafter. Wherein, the application voltage when the A.C. switch 7 isopened (turned off) becomes ±Vdc3/2 so that the withstand voltages ofthe elements are reduced to half voltages, because the applicationvoltage is determined based upon the conduction conditions of the diodesof the full wave rectification circuitry. That is, the applicationvoltages of the elements becomes ±Vdc3 in its maximum value so that thewithstand voltages of the elements are reduced to half voltages byemploying the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1, because the A.C.capacitor 6 maintains a voltage which is just before the opening(turning off) of the A.C. switch 7 when the A.C. switch 7 is opened(turned off) and when the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair ofthe diodes is not provided.

FIG. 11 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of an exampleof a single phase rectification apparatus which performs suppression involtage increase.

The single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 11 isdifferent from the single phase rectification circuitry illustrated inFIG. 1 in that the center point of the series connection circuitry 4 ofthe pair of the diodes and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 5 of the pair of the electrolyte capacitors are connected toone another through a TRIAC 7 which serves as the A.C. switch, and thata threshold value judgment section 8 for inputting a signal whichrepresents a load power and for comparing the signal and a previouslydetermined threshold value, and an ignition circuitry 9 for inputtingthe output signal from the threshold value judgment section 8 and forsupplying an ignition signal to the TRIAC 7 are provided.

Wherein, it is preferable that the threshold value is determined to be athreshold value which corresponds to the output power of 500 W byreferring the black circles in FIG. 8, for example.

In this case, the center point of the series connection circuitry 4 ofthe pair of the diodes and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 5 of the pair of the electrolyte capacitors are in shortcircuit to one another so as to perform the above operation when theoutput power is greater than 500 W, while the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes and the center point ofthe series connection circuitry 5 of the pair of the electrolytecapacitors are shut off from one another so as to perform only the fullwave rectification operation and determines the D.C. voltage equal to orless than the peak value of the power source voltage waveform when theoutput power is equal to or less than 500 W. Further, the rated voltageof the A.C. switch can be reduced to a half voltage similarly to theA.C. capacitor and the like, because the accumulation charge of the A.C.capacitor 6 is discharged through the series connection circuitry 4 ofthe pair of the diodes.

FIG. 12 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of anotherexample of a single phase rectification apparatus which performssuppression in voltage increase.

The single phase rectification circuitry illustrated in FIG. 12 isdifferent from the single phase rectification circuitry illustrated inFIG. 1 in that the center point of the series connection circuitry 4 ofthe pair of the diodes and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 5 of the pair of the electrolyte capacitors are connected toone another through a circuitry which is made of a diode bridgecircuitry 10 and a transistor 11 which is connected itscollector-emitter terminals to the diode bridge circuitry 10 inparallel, and that a conduction width control section 12 for inputting asignal representing a load power and for performing conduction widthcontrolling, and a drive circuitry 13 for inputting the output signalfrom the conduction width control section 12 and for supplying a drivesignal to the transistor 11 are provided.

When this arrangement is employed and when the conduction phase of theA.C. switch is determined to be 50 degrees, the D.C. voltage wascontrolled, as is illustrated by black squares in FIG. 8. Further, therated voltage of the A.C. switch can be reduced to a half voltagesimilarly to the A.C. capacitor and the like.

FIG. 13 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of a furtherexample of a single phase rectification apparatus which performssuppression in voltage increase.

The single phase rectification circuitry illustrated in FIG. 13 isdifferent from the single phase rectification circuitry illustrated inFIG. 1 in that the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of thediodes and a series connection circuitry 15 of a pair of diodes areconnected in parallel to one another between the output terminals of thefull wave rectification circuitry 3, two series connection circuitryeach made of the A.C. capacitor 6 and a TRIAC 14 are connected inparallel to one another between one input terminal of the full waverectification circuitry 3 and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 5 of the pair of the smoothing capacitors, the center point ofone A.C. capacitor 6 and one TRIAC 14 and the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes are connected to oneanother, and the center point of the other A.C. capacitor 6 and theother TRIAC 14 and the center point of the series connection circuitry15 of the pair of the diodes are connected to one another.

When this arrangement is employed, the combined capacitance of the bothA.C. capacitances 6 can be varied by controlling the both TRIACs 14. Asa result, the D.C. voltage can be controlled within a wide power extent.Of course, it is possible that more than three series connectioncircuitry are connected in parallel to one another, each seriesconnection circuitry being made of the TRIAC 14 and the A.C. capacitor6. In this case, the D.C. voltage can be controlled within a wider powerextent.

FIG. 28 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationcircuitry of a further embodiment according to the present invention.

In this single phase rectification apparatus, a reactor 22 is connectedto a single phase A.C. power source 21, and a parallel connectioncircuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry 23 and a seriesconnection circuitry 25 of a pair of boosting capacitors is connected tothe series connection circuitry of the single phase A.C. power source 21and the reactor 22. And, a series connection circuitry 26 of a pair ofdiodes is connected between the output terminals of the half waverectification circuitry 23. An A.C. capacitor 24 is connected betweenthe input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry 23 and thecenter point of the series connection circuitry of the pair of thediodes. An A.C. switch 27 is connected between the center point of theseries connection circuitry 25 of the pair of the boosting capacitorsand the center point of the series connection circuitry 26 of the pairof the diodes.

FIG. 29 through FIG. 32 are electric diagrams useful in understandingoperation modes mode 1-mode 4 of the single phase rectificationcircuitry which is illustrated in FIG. 28. And, voltage waveforms ofeach section which are illustrated in FIG. 33 and current waveforms ofeach section which are illustrated in FIG. 34 are obtained bysequentially repeating those operation modes. More particularly, theoperation modes mode 2 and mode 4 are operation modes for alternatelycharging each boosting capacitor of the series connection circuitry 25(refer to FIGS. 36 and 37 in addition), similarly to the voltage doublerrectification fundamental circuitry illustrated in FIG. 35, so that eachboosting capacitor is charged by half waves of the single phase A.C.power source 21. Therefore, the voltage which is double of the peakvalue of the power source waveform can be obtained at the seriesconnection circuitry 25 of the pair of the boosting capacitors (refer toFIG. 38 which illustrates voltage waveforms of each section and FIG. 39which illustrates current waveforms of each section, in addition).Further, the operation modes mode 1 and mode 3 are intervalscorresponding to current non-conduction intervals of the voltage doublerrectification fundamental circuitry illustrated in FIG. 35. In thesingle phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 28, the A.C.capacitor 24 is connected between the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry 23 and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 26 of the pair of the diodes so that the A.C. capacitor 24 ischarged which supplies the advance current. As a result, the currentconduction width is enlarged and the power factor is improved. Further,the withstand voltage of the A.C. capacitor 24 can be decreased to avoltage which is half of the withstand voltage of the A.C. capacitor inFIG. 20.

Specifically, because of the maximum supplying current of the 100Vsystem for home being 15A, for example, the reactor becomes 8 mH in theconventional voltage doubler rectification fundamental circuitry(capacitors of the pair of boosting electrolyte capacitors are the sameto one another and are 3000 micro F) when the maximum power isdetermined to be 1500 W and when constants are selected for satisfyingthe IEC standards class A, as is illustrated in FIG. 40. When theconstants are selected in such manner, the current becomes the delaypower factor due to determination of the inductance to be great so thatthe input power factor is decreased to about 72%. Further, the D.C.voltage is 175V and is decreased to about 62% of the peak value of thevoltage doubler waveform. On the contrary, when the capacitors of thepair of the boosting capacitors which construct the series connectioncircuitry 25 of the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated inFIG. 28 and the inductance of the reactor 22 are determined to have theabove values and when the capacitance of the A.C. capacitor 24 isdetermined to be 40 micro F, the input power factor is 90.8%, the D.C.voltage is 214V and is 76.4% of the peak value of the voltage doublerwaveform. That is, the higher D.C. voltage is obtained, and the inputpower factor is increased. Further, it is sufficient that the seriesconnection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodes and one A.C. capacitor24 are added with respect to the conventional voltage doublerrectification fundamental circuitry, and the withstand voltage of theA.C. capacitor 24 can be made smaller so that the complexity inarrangement is greatly suppressed, and the increase in size and in costare greatly suppressed. Of course, the IEC standards class A (conversionto 100V) are satisfied, as is illustrated in FIG. 41.

But, the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 28turns off the A.C. switch 27 when load is light so that the operationmodes (mode 5 and mode 6) are generated which discharge the accumulationcharge of the A.C. capacitor 24 through the series connection circuitry26 of the pair of the diodes, as is illustrated in FIGS. 42 and 43. As aresult, the center point of the series connection circuitry 26 of thepair of the diodes and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 25 of the pair of the boosting capacitors are shut off fromone another so as to perform only the half wave rectification operation,therefore the D.C. voltage can be determined to be equal to or less thanthe peak value of the power source voltage waveform. Further, thevoltage of the A.C. capacitor 24 becomes zero by discharging theaccumulation charge of the A.C. capacitor 24 through the seriesconnection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodes, and the rectificationoperation by the operation modes (mode 2 and mode 4) are continuedhereinafter. Wherein, when the A.C. switch 27 is turned off, theapplication voltage is determined based upon the conduction condition ofthe diodes of the full wave rectification circuitry and is determined tobe ±Vdc1/2 so that the withstand voltages of the elements are decreasedto have half voltages. That is, when the series connection circuitry 26of the pair of the diodes is not present, the A.C. capacitor 24maintains the voltage which is just prior to the turning off when theA.C. switch 27 is turned off, so that the application voltage to theelements becomes ±Vdc1 in its maximum value. Therefore, it is understoodthat the withstand voltages of the elements can be decreased to havehalf voltages by employing the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 28.

FIG. 44 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of a singlephase rectification apparatus of an example which dissolves thedisadvantage that the advance current flows when load is light.

The single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 44 isdifferent from the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated inFIG. 28 in that a TRIAC 27 which is a species of the A.C. switch isconnected between the center point of the series connection circuitry 26of the pair of the diodes and a terminal among the terminals of thesingle phase A.C. power source 21 which terminal is not connected to thereactor 22, that a threshold value judgment section 28 is provided forinputting a signal such as the D.C. voltage, input current or others,representing a load power and for comparing the signal and apredetermined threshold value so as to judge whether or not load islight, and an ignition circuitry 29 is provided for inputting the outputsignal from the threshold value judgment section 28 and for supplying anignition signal to the TRIAC 27.

Wherein, it is preferable that the threshold value is determined to be athreshold value which corresponds to the output power of 500 W similarlyto the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 11, forexample.

When the output power is greater than 500 W, the above voltage doublerrectification operation is carried out, because the center point of theseries connection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodes and the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 25 of the pair of the boostingcapacitors are made to be short circuit condition. On the contrary, whenthe output power is equal to or less than 500 W, only the half waverectification operation is carried out so that the D.C. voltage isdetermined to be equal to or less than the peak value of the powersource voltage waveform, center point of the series connection circuitry26 of the pair of the diodes and the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 25 of the pair of the boosting capacitors are shutoff. Further, the rated voltage of the TRIAC 27 can be decreased to havehalf voltage similarly to the A.C. capacitor and the like. Of course,decrease in higher harmonics can be realized.

FIG. 45 is an electric diagram illustrating an arrangement of a singlephase rectification apparatus of another example which dissolves theabove disadvantage.

The single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 45 isdifferent from the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated inFIG. 44 in that a circuitry comprising a diode bridge circuitry 30 and atransistor 31 which is connected its collector-emitter terminals inparallel to the diode bridge circuitry 30 is employed instead the TRIAC27, and that a conduction width control section 32 for inputting asignal such as the D.C. voltage, input current or others, representing aload power and for performing the conduction width controlling and adrive circuitry 33 for inputting the output signal from the conductionwidth control section 32 and for supplying a drive signal to thetransistor 31 are provided instead the threshold value judgment section28 and the ignition circuitry 29.

In this case, operations and effects are realized which are similar tothose of the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG.44, by controlling the conduction width of the transistor 31.

FIG. 46 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

In this single phase rectification apparatus, a half wave rectificationcircuitry 23 and a series connection circuitry 25 of a pair ofelectrolyte capacitors are connected in parallel to one another, aseries connection circuitry 34 of a pair of first diodes is connected inparallel to the series connection circuitry 25 of the pair of theelectrolyte capacitors, a series connection circuitry 35 of a pair ofsecond diodes is connected in parallel to the half wave rectificationcircuitry 23, an A.C. capacitor 24 is connected between the center pointof the series connection circuitry 35 of the pair of the second diodesand the series connection circuitry 34 of the pair of the first diodes,a first switch 36 is connected between the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 35 of the pair of the second diodes and the inputterminal of the half wave rectification circuitry 23, a second switch 37is connected between the center point of the pair of the electrolytecapacitors and the center point of the series connection circuitry 34 ofthe pair of the first diodes, one terminal of a single phase A.C. powersource 21 is connected to the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry 23 through a reactor 22, the other terminal ofthe single phase A.C. power source 21 is connected to the center pointof the series connection circuitry 25 of the pair of the electrolytecapacitors through a third switch 38, and the other terminal of thesingle phase A.C. power source 21 is connected to the center point ofthe series connection circuitry 35 of the pair of the second diodesthrough a fourth switch. Further, the first switch 36, the second switch37, the third switch 38 and the fourth switch 39 are controlled their ONcondition and OFF condition, as is illustrated in Table 1, dependingupon the condition whether it is a regular condition or a light loadcondition and depending upon the rectification whether it is the fullwave rectification or voltage doubler rectification. Further, in Table1, the first switch 36 is represented with SW1, the second switch 37 isrepresented with SW2, the third switch 38 is represented with SW3, andthe fourth switch 39 is represented with SW4.

TABLE 1 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 Regular Full Wave OFF ON OFF ON ConditionRectification Voltage Doubler ON ON ON OFF Rectification Light Load FullWave OFF OFF OFF ON Condition Rectification Voltage Doubler ON OFF ONOFF Rectification

This single phase rectification apparatus can be arranged by employing arelay as the A.C. switch, and is preferable for a case that the controlsuch as phase control or the like, at every half cycle of the powersource is not carried out. And, the apparatus can selectively carry outthe full wave rectification operation and the voltage doublerrectification operation, and the apparatus can cope with the regularcondition and the light load condition by controlling ON, OFF conditionof the first switch 36, the second switch 37, the third switch 38 andthe fourth switch 39, as are illustrated in Table 1.

As a result, the apparatus supplies the stable D.C. voltage despite thepower source voltage by carrying out the full wave rectificationoperation for the single phase 200V power source and by carrying out thevoltage doubler rectification operation for the single phase 100V powersource, for example. In other words, the single phase rectificationapparatus can be present which is applicable to the single phase 100Vpower source and the single phase 200V power source.

Further, arrangements other than the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 46can be employed as the single phase rectification apparatus for copingwith different power sources which arrangements are sufficient toselectively carrying out the full wave rectification operation and thevoltage doubler rectification operation.

FIG. 47 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 11 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes andthe center point of the series connection circuitry 5 of the pair of theelectrolyte capacitors are connected to one another through an A.C.switch which is a series connection circuitry of a TRIAC 7 and aninductor 7 a instead the A.C. switch comprising only the TRIAC 7.

Operations and effects of this embodiment is as follows.

When the center point of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pairof the diodes and the center point of the series connection circuitry 5of the pair of the electrolyte capacitors are connected to one anotherthrough only the TRIAC 7, the residual current of the TRIAC 7 after themode has changed from the TRIAC 7 to the diode, because a current whichis obtained by dividing the current just prior to the mode change basedupon the impedance ratio of the electrolyte capacitor and the A.C.capacitor 6. When the residual current of the TRIAC 7 is equal to orsmaller than the minimum current (holding current) of the TRIAC 7, theTRIAC 7 can be shut off. But, when the load current is great, the TRIAC7 cannot be shut off during a half cycle of the power source so that adisadvantage arises in that characteristics such as power factor, D.C.voltage and the like become discontinuous depending upon the loadcurrent.

When the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 47 is employed, the TRIAC 7 issecurely shut off by the following operations.

When the transition period for the mode change from the A.C. switch tothe diode, there is an interval when both the diode current and theTRIAC current flow. During the interval, the initial accumulation energyof the inductor 7 a serially connected to the TRIAC 7 moves to the A.C.capacitor 6 by the LC resonance, and when the most current has moved tothe diode, the voltage of the A.C. capacitor 6 is raised. Wherein, thevoltages of the TRIAC 7, inductor 7 a and the A.C. capacitor 6 areconstrained by the electrolyte capacitor and diode so that a reversebias voltage is applied to the TRIAC 7, consequently the TRIAC 7 issecurely shut off.

Further, operations and effects are realized which are similar to thoseof the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 11.

FIG. 48 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 44 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodesand the center point of the series connection circuitry 25 of the pairof the boosting capacitors are connected to one another through an A.C.switch which is a series connection circuitry of a TRIAC 27 and aninductor 27 a instead the A.C. switch comprising only the TRIAC 27.

When this embodiment is employed, the TRIAC 27 can be securely shut offeven when the load current is great. Also, operations and effects arerealized which are similar to those of the single phase rectificationapparatus illustrated in FIG. 44.

FIG. 49 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 in that the A.C.switch 7 and the A.C. capacitor 6 are changed their places.

FIG. 50 through FIG. 53 are electric diagrams useful in understandingthe operation modes mode 1-mode 4 of the single phase rectificationapparatus illustrated in FIG. 49. Voltage waveforms of each sectionwhich are similar to those of FIG. 6 and current waveforms of eachsection which are similar to those of FIG. 7 are obtained bysequentially repeating those operation modes.

In the operation modes mode 2 and mode 4, the opening (or closing)operation of the A.C. switch 7 is carried out during rectificationoperation. But, the potential of the A.C. capacitor 6 is discharged fromthe voltage just prior to the opening of mode 1, mode 3 in response tothe voltage decrease of the electrolyte capacitor through one of thepair of the diodes 4, as is illustrated with dashed lines in FIGS. 51and 53. As a result, the short circuit current during transition of mode1, mode 3 is prevented from occurrence so that connection to a loadwhich has a great power change is possible without raising the ratedcurrents of elements. When the single phase rectification apparatusillustrated in FIG. 1 is employed, the opening operation of the A.C.switch 7 is carried out during the rectification operation of the mode 2and mode 4 which are illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5. During thisoperation, the voltage of the A.C. capacitor 6 is maintained to be thevoltage which is prior to the opening operation of mode 1, mode 3.Therefore, when the apparatus is connected to a load which has a greatpower change and when the voltage of the electrolyte capacitor isgreatly lowered in mode 2, mode 4, the short circuit current istransiently generated, as is illustrated with dashed lines in FIGS. 2and 4 during the transient periods of mode 1, mode 3 so that the currentcarrying capacity of the A.C. switch 7 is increased for some cases.

But, when the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG.49 is employed, the short circuit current during the transient periodsof mode 1, mode 3 is prevented from occurrence. In this case, modes mode5, mode 6 illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 11 do not exist, the withstandvoltage of the A.C. switch 7 cannot be decreased to a half voltage,while only the withstand voltage of the A.C. capacitor 6 can bedecreased to a half voltage.

FIG. 54 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 28 in that the A.C.switch 27 and the A.C. capacitor 24 are changed their places.

FIG. 55 through FIG. 58 are electric diagrams useful in understandingthe operation modes mode 1-mode 4 of the single phase rectificationapparatus illustrated in FIG. 54. Voltage waveforms of each sectionwhich are similar to those of FIG. 33 and current waveforms of eachsection which are similar to those of FIG. 34 are obtained bysequentially repeating those operation modes.

In the operation modes mode 2 and mode 4, the opening (or closing)operation of the A.C. switch 27 is carried out during rectificationoperation. But, the potential of the A.C. capacitor 24 is dischargedfrom the voltage just prior to the opening of mode 1, mode 3 in responseto the voltage decrease of the electrolyte capacitor through one of thepair of the diodes 26, as is illustrated with dashed lines in FIGS. 56and 58. As a result, the short circuit current during transition of mode1, mode 3 is prevented from occurrence so that connection to a loadwhich has a great power change is possible without raising the ratedcurrents of elements. When the single phase rectification apparatusillustrated in FIG. 28 is employed, the opening operation of the A.C.switch 27 is carried out during the rectification operation of the mode2 and mode 4 which are illustrated in FIGS. 30 and 32. During thisoperation, the voltage of the A.C. capacitor 24 is maintained to be thevoltage which is prior to the opening operation of mode 1, mode 3.Therefore, when the apparatus is connected to a load which has a greatpower change and when the voltage of the boosting capacitor is greatlylowered in mode 2, mode 4, the short circuit current is transientlygenerated, as is illustrated with dashed lines in FIGS. 29 and 31 duringthe transient periods of mode 1, mode 3 so that the current carryingcapacity of the A.C. switch 27 is increased for some cases.

But, when the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG.54 is employed, the short circuit current during the transient periodsof mode 1, mode 3 is prevented from occurrence. In this case, thewithstand voltage of the A.C. switch 27 cannot be decreased to a halfvoltage, while only the withstand voltage of the A.C. capacitor 24 canbe decreased to a half voltage.

FIG. 59 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 49 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes andone input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry 3 areconnected to one another through a TRIAC 7 which serves as the A.C.switch, and that a threshold value judgment section 8 for inputting asignal representing a load power and for comparing the signal with apreviously determined threshold value and an ignition circuitry 9 forinputting the output signal from the threshold value judgment section 8and for supplying an ignition signal to the TRIAC 7 are provided.

Wherein, the threshold value is preferably determined to be a thresholdvalue which corresponds to the output power of 500 W, similarly to theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 11.

When the output power is greater than 500 W, connection of the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes andone input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry 3 becomesshort circuit condition so that the above operation is carried out. Onthe contrary, when the output power is equal to or less than 500 W, thecenter point of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of thediodes and one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry 3are shut off from one another so that the full wave rectificationoperation is carried out, consequently the D.C. voltage can bedetermined to be a voltage which is equal to or less than the peak valueof the power source voltage waveform.

FIG. 60 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 9 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes andone input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry 3 areconnected to one another through a circuitry comprising a diode bridgecircuitry 10 and a transistor 11 which is connected itscollector-emitter terminals in parallel to the diode bridge circuitry10, and that a conduction width control section 12 for inputting thesignal representing a load power and for performing the conduction widthcontrolling and a drive circuitry 13 for inputting the output signalfrom the conduction width control section 12 and for supplying a drivesignal to the transistor 11 are provided.

When this embodiment is employed, operations and effects which aresimilar to those of the single phase rectification apparatus illustratedin FIG. 59.

FIG. 61 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 13 in that two seriesconnection circuitry each of a TRIAC 14 and an A.C. capacitor 6 areconnected in parallel to one another between one input terminal of thefull wave rectification circuitry 3 and the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 5 of the pair of the smoothing capacitors, that thecenter point of one TRIAC 14 and one A.C. capacitor 6 and the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes areconnected to one another, and that the center point of the other TRIAC14 and the other A.C. capacitor 6 and the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 15 of the pair of the diodes are connected to oneanother.

When this arrangement is employed, the combined capacitance of the bothA.C. capacitors 6 can be changed by controlling the both TRIACs 14. As aresult, the D.C. voltage can be controlled within a wide power extent.Of course, more than three series connection circuitry can be connectedin parallel to one another each series connection circuitry includes theTRIAC 14 and the A.C. capacitor 6. In this case, the D.C. voltage can becontrolled within a wider power extent.

FIG. 62 is an electric diagram illustrating a single phase rectificationapparatus of a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 54 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodesand the input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry 23 areconnected to one another through a TRIAC 27 which serves the A.C.switch, and that a threshold value judgment section 28 for inputting thesignal representing a load power and for comparing the signal with apreviously determined threshold value and an ignition circuitry 29 forinputting the output signal from the threshold value judgment section 28and for supplying an ignition signal to the TRIAC 27 are provided.

Wherein, the threshold value is preferably determined to be a thresholdvalue which corresponds to the output power of 500 W, similarly to theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 54, for example.

When the output power is greater than 500 W, the center point of theseries connection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodes and the inputterminal of the half wave rectification circuitry 23 become a shortcircuit condition so that the above operation is carried out. On thecontrary, when the output power is equal to or less than 500 W, thecenter point of the series connection circuitry 26 of the pair of thediodes and the input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry23 become a shut off condition so that only the half wave rectificationoperation is carried out, consequently the D.C. voltage can be a voltagewhich is equal to or smaller than the peak value of the power sourcevoltage waveform.

FIG. 63 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 62 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodesand the input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry 23 areconnected to one another through a circuitry comprising a diode bridgecircuitry 30 and a transistor 31 which is connected itscollector-emitter terminals in parallel to the diode bridge circuitry30, and that a conduction width control section 32 for inputting asignal representing a load power and for performing the conduction widthcontrolling and a drive circuitry 33 for inputting the output signalfrom the conduction width control section 32 and for supplying a drivesignal to the transistor 31.

When this embodiment is employed, operations and effects are realizedwhich are similar to those of the single phase rectification apparatusillustrated in FIG. 62.

FIG. 64 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 54 in that a seriesconnection circuitry 26 of a pair of diodes and a series connectioncircuitry 35 of a pair of diodes are connected in parallel to oneanother between the output terminals of the half wave rectificationcircuitry 23, that two series connection circuitry each circuitrycomprising a TRIAC 34 and an A.C. capacitor 24, are connected inparallel to one another between the input terminal of the half waverectification circuitry 23 and the center point of the series connectioncircuitry 25 of the pair of the boosting capacitors, that the centerpoint of one TRIAC 34 and one A.C. capacitor 24 and the center point ofthe series connection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodes areconnected to one another, and that the center point of the other TRIAC34 and the other A.C. capacitor 24 and the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 35 of the pair of the diodes are connected to oneanother.

When this arrangement is employed, the combined capacitance of the bothA.C. capacitors 24 can be controlled by controlling the both TRIACs 34.As a result, the D.C. voltage can be controlled within a wide powerextent. Of course, it is possible that more than three series connectioncircuitry each circuitry comprising the TRIAC 34 and the A.C. capacitor24, are connected in parallel to one another. In this case, the D.C.voltage can be controlled within a wider power extent.

FIG. 65 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the resent invention.

In this single phase rectification apparatus, a half wave rectificationcircuitry 23 and a series connection circuitry 25 of a pair ofelectrolyte capacitors are connected in parallel to one another, aseries connection circuitry 34 of a pair of first diodes is connected inparallel to the series connection circuitry 25 of the pair of theelectrolyte capacitors, a series connection circuitry 35 of a pair ofsecond diodes is connected in parallel to the half wave rectificationcircuitry 23, a second switch 37 is connected between the center pointof the series connection circuitry 35 of the pair of the second diodesand the center point of the series connection circuitry 34 of the pairof the first diodes, a first switch 36 is connected between the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 35 of the pair of the seconddiodes and the input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry23, an A.C. capacitor 24 is connected between the center point of theseries connection circuitry 25 of the pair of the electrolyte capacitorsand the center point of the series connection circuitry 34 of the pairof the first diodes, one terminal of a single phase A.C. power source 21is connected to the input terminal of the half wave rectificationcircuitry 23 through a reactor 22, the other terminal of the singlephase A.C. power source 21 is connected to the center point of theseries connection circuitry 25 of the pair of the electrolyte capacitorsthrough a third switch 38, and the other terminal of the single phaseA.C. power source 21 is connected to the center point of the seriesconnection circuitry 35 of the pair of the second diodes through afourth switch 39. Further, the first switch 36, the second switch 37,the third switch 38 and the fourth switch 39 are controlled their ONcondition and OFF condition, as is illustrated in Table 2, dependingupon the condition whether it is a regular condition or a light loadcondition and depending upon the rectification whether it is the fullwave rectification or voltage doubler rectification. Further, in Table2, the first switch 36 is represented with SW1, the second switch 37 isrepresented with SW2, the third switch 38 is represented with SW3, andthe fourth switch 39 is represented with SW4.

TABLE 2 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 Regular Full Wave OFF ON OFF ON ConditionRectification Voltage Doubler ON ON ON OFF Rectification Light Load FullWave OFF OFF OFF ON Condition Rectification Voltage Doubler ON OFF ONOFF Rectification

This single phase rectification apparatus can be arranged by employing arelay as the A.C. switch, and is preferable for a case that the controlsuch as phase control or the like, at every half cycle of the powersource is not carried out. And, the apparatus can selectively carry outthe full wave rectification operation and the voltage doublerrectification operation, and the apparatus can cope with the regularcondition and the light load condition by controlling ON, OFF conditionof the first switch 36, the second switch 37, the third switch 38 andthe fourth switch 39, as are illustrated in Table 2.

As a result, the apparatus supplies the stable D.C. voltage despite thepower source voltage by carrying out the full wave rectificationoperation for the single phase 200V power source and by carrying out thevoltage doubler rectification operation for the single phase 100V powersource, for example. In other words, the single phase rectificationapparatus can be present which is applicable to the single phase 100Vpower source and the single phase 200V power source.

Further, arrangements other than the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 65can be employed as the single phase rectification apparatus for copingwith different power sources which arrangements are sufficient toselectively carrying out the full wave rectification operation and thevoltage doubler rectification operation.

FIG. 66 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 59 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pair of the diodes andone input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry 3 areconnected to one another through an A.C. switch comprising a TRIAC 7 andan inductor 7 a instead the A.C. switch comprising only the TRIAC 7.

Operations and effects of this embodiment is as follows.

When the center point of the series connection circuitry 4 of the pairof the diodes and the center point of the series connection circuitry 5of the pair of the electrolyte capacitors are connected to one anotherthrough only the TRIAC 7, the residual current of the TRIAC 7 after themode has changed from the TRIAC 7 to the diode, because a current whichis obtained by dividing the current just prior to the mode change basedupon the impedance ratio of the electrolyte capacitor and the A.C.capacitor 6. When the residual current of the TRIAC 7 is equal to orsmaller than the minimum current (holding current) of the TRIAC 7, theTRIAC 7 can be shut off. But, when the load current is great, the TRIAC7 cannot be shut off during a half cycle of the power source so that adisadvantage arises in that characteristics such as power factor, D.C.voltage and the like become discontinuous depending upon the loadcurrent.

When the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 66 is employed, the TRIAC 7 issecurely shut off by the following operations.

When the transition period for the mode change from the A.C. switch tothe diode, there is an interval when both the diode current If and theTRIAC current It flow, as are illustrated in FIGS. 67(A) and 67(B).During the interval, when the inductance of the inductor 7 a is supposedto be L, the conduction current of the inductor 7 a is supposed to be I,the capacitance of the A.C. capacitor 6 is supposed to be C, and thevoltage between the terminals of the A.C. capacitor 6 is supposed to beV, the initial accumulation energy LI²/2 of the inductor 7 a seriallyconnected to the TRIAC 7 moves to the A.C. capacitor 6 by the LCresonance as the energy CV²/2, and when the most current has moved tothe diode, the voltage of the A.C. capacitor 6 is raised. Wherein, thevoltages of the TRIAC 7, inductor 7 a and the A.C. capacitor 6 areconstrained by the electrolyte capacitor and diode so that a reversebias voltage is applied to the TRIAC 7, consequently the TRIAC 7 issecurely shut off.

Further, operations and effects are realized which are similar to thoseof the single phase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 59.

FIG. 68 is an electric diagram of a single phase rectification apparatusof a further embodiment according to the present invention.

This single phase rectification apparatus is different from the singlephase rectification apparatus illustrated in FIG. 62 in that the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry 26 of the pair of the diodesand the input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry 23 areconnected to one another through an A.C. switch comprising a TRIAC 27and an inductor 27 a instead the A.C. switch comprising only the TRIAC27.

When this embodiment is employed, the TRIAC 27 can securely be shut offsimilarly to that of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 66, even whenthe load current is great. Also, operations and effects are realizedwhich are similar to those of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 62.

Industrial applicability

The present invention is a suitable power source apparatus for an airconditioner, a lighting device or the like.

What is claimed is:
 1. A single phase rectification apparatus whichconnects a full wave rectification circuitry (3) to a single phase A.C.power source (1) through a reactor (2), connects a pair of smoothingcapacitors between the output terminals of the full wave rectificationcircuitry (3), the smoothing capacitors being connected in series to oneanother, connects a pair of diodes (4) connected in series to oneanother in parallel to series connection circuitry (5) of the pair ofsmoothing capacitors, connects the central point of the pair of thediodes (4) and the center point of the pair of smoothing capacitors (5)through an A.C. switch (7) which operates to shut off both centralpoints when load is light, and connects an A.C. capacitor (6) betweenthe one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry (3) andthe center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (5).
 2. Asingle phase rectification apparatus as set forth in claim 1, whereinthe center point of the pair of diodes (4) and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors (5) are connected to one anotherthrough an A.C. switch (7) which is controlled its ignition angle usingphase controlling.
 3. A single phase rectification apparatus as setforth in claim 1, wherein the center point of the pair of the diodes (4)and the center point of the smoothing capacitors (5) are connected toone another through an A.C. switch (10) (11) which is made of a self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction angle.
 4. A singlephase rectification apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein thecenter point of the pair of the diodes (4) and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors (5) are connected to one anotherthrough a serial connection circuitry of an inductor and an A.C. switch(10) (11) which is controlled its ignition angle using phasecontrolling.
 5. A single phase rectification apparatus as set forth inclaim 1, wherein the center point of the pair of the diodes (4) and thecenter point of the smoothing capacitors (5) are connected to oneanother through an A.C. switch (10) (11) which is made of a self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction phase.
 6. A singlephase rectification apparatus which connects a parallel connectioncircuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry (23) and a pair ofboosting capacitors (25) connected in series to one another to a singlephase A.C. power source (21) through a reactor (22), connects a pair ofdiodes (26) in series to one another to the series connection circuitryof the pair of the boosting capacitors (25) in parallel, connects thecenter point of the pair of the diodes (26) and the center point of thepair of the boosting capacitors (25) to one another through an A.C.switch (27) which operates to shut off both central points when load islight, and connects an A.C. capacitor (24) between an input terminal ofthe half wave rectification circuitry (23) and the center point of thepair of the boosting capacitors (25).
 7. A single phase rectificationapparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein an A.C. switch (27) isconnected between the center point of the boosting capacitors (25) andthe center point of the pair of the diodes (26), the A.C. switch (27)being controlled its ignition angle using phase controlling.
 8. A singlephase rectification apparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein an A.C.switch (30) (31) is connected between the center point of the boostingcapacitors (25) and the center point of the pair of the diodes (26), theA.C. switch (30) (31) being made of a self arc extinguishing element forcontrolling a conduction angle.
 9. A single phase rectificationapparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein a series connection circuitryof an A.C. switch (30) (31) and an inductor is connected between thecenter point of the boosting capacitors (25) and the center point of thepair of the diodes (26), the A.C. switch (30) (31) being controlled itsignition angle using phase controlling.
 10. A single phase rectificationapparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein an A.C. switch (30) (31) isconnected between the center point of the boosting capacitors (25) andthe center point of the pair of the diodes (26), the A.C. switch (30)(31) being made of a self arc extinguishing element for controlling aconduction phase.
 11. A single phase rectification apparatus whichconnects a full wave rectification circuitry (23) (35) to a single phaseA.C. power source (21) through a reactor (22), connects a seriesconnection circuitry of a pair of smoothing capacitors (25) betweenoutput terminals of the full wave rectification circuitry (23) (35),connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of diodes (34) inparallel to the series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors (25), connects an A.C. capacitor (24) between the centerpoint of the series connection circuitry of the pair of the diodes (34)and one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry (23)(35), and includes a switch (36) (37) (38) (39) for selectively carryingout full wave rectification operation and voltage doubler rectificationoperation.
 12. A single phase rectification apparatus which connects aparallel connection circuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry(23) and a pair of smoothing capacitors (25) connected in series to oneanother to a single phase A.C. power source (21) through a reactor (22),connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of first diodes (34) inparallel to the series connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothingcapacitors (25), connects a series connection circuitry of a pair ofsecond diodes (35) in parallel to the half wave rectification circuitry(23), connects an A.C. capacitor (24) between the center point of thepair of the second diodes (35) and the center point of the pair of thefirst diodes (34), connects a first switch (36) between the center pointof the pair of the second diodes (35) and the input terminal of the halfwave rectification circuitry (23), connects a second switch (37) betweenthe center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (25) and thecenter point of the first diodes (34), connects a terminal among theseries connection circuitry of the single phase A.C. power source (21)and the reactor (22) which terminal is not connected to the inputterminal of the half wave rectification circuitry (23), to the centerpoint of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (25) through a thirdswitch (38) which operates in linkage with the first switch (36), andconnects the terminal to the center point of the pair of the seconddiodes (35) through a fourth switch (39).
 13. A single phaserectification apparatus which connects a full wave rectificationcircuitry (3) to an A.C. power source (1) through a reactor (2),connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of smoothing capacitorsbetween the output terminals of the full wave rectification circuitry(3), connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of diodes (4) inparallel to the series connection circuitry (5) of the pair of thesmoothing capacitors, connects the center point of the pair of thediodes (4) and the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors(5) to one another through an A.C. capacitor (6), and connects an A.C.switch (7) between one input terminal of the full wave rectificationcircuitry (3) and the center point of the pair of the smoothing diodes(5), which A.C. switch (7) operates a shut off operation condition whenload is light.
 14. A single phase rectification apparatus as set forthin claim 13, wherein the one input terminal of the full waverectification circuitry (3) and the center point of the pair of thesmoothing capacitors (5) are connected to one another through an A.C.switch (7) which is controlled its ignition angle by phase controlling.15. A single phase rectification circuitry as set forth in claim 13,wherein the one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry(3) and the center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (5) areconnected to one another through an A.C. switch (7) which is made of aself arc extinguishing element for controlling a conduction angle.
 16. Asingle phase rectification apparatus as set forth in claim 13, whereinthe one input terminal of the full wave rectification circuitry (3) andthe center point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (5) areconnected to one another through a series connection circuitry of aninductor and an A.C. switch (10) (11) which is controlled its ignitionangle using phase controlling.
 17. A single phase rectificationapparatus as set forth in claim 13, wherein the one input terminal ofthe full wave rectification circuitry (3) and the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors (5) are connected to one anotherthrough an A.C. switch (10) (11) which is made of a self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction phase.
 18. A singlephase rectification apparatus which connects a parallel connectioncircuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry (23) and a pair ofboosting capacitors (25) connected in series to one another to a singlephase A.C. power source (21) through a reactor (22), connects a seriesconnection circuitry of a pair of diodes (26) in parallel to the seriesconnection circuitry of the pair of the boosting capacitors (25),connects the center point of the pair of the diodes (26) and the centerpoint of the pair of the boosting capacitors (25) to one another throughan A.C. capacitor (24), and connects an A.C. switch (27) between theinput terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry (23) and thecenter point of the pair of the boosting capacitors (25) which A.C.switch (27) operates in a shut off operation condition when load islight.
 19. A single phase rectification apparatus as set forth in claim18, wherein an A.C. switch (27) is connected between the input terminalof the half wave rectification circuitry (23) and the center point ofthe pair of the boosting capacitors (25) which A.C. switch (27) iscontrolled its ignition angle using phase controlling.
 20. A singlephase rectification apparatus as set forth in claim 18, wherein an A.C.switch (30) (31) is connected between the input terminal of the halfwave rectification circuitry (23) and the center point of the pair ofthe boosting capacitors (25) which A.C. switch (30) (31) is made of selfarc extinguishing element for controlling a conduction angle.
 21. Asingle phase rectification apparatus as set forth in claim 18, wherein aseries connection circuitry of an A.C. switch (30) (31) and an inductoris connected between the input terminal of the half wave rectificationcircuitry (23) and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors (25) which A.C. switch (30) (31) is controlled its ignitionphase using phase controlling.
 22. A single phase rectificationapparatus as set forth in claim 18, wherein an A.C. switch (30) (31) isconnected between the input terminal of the half wave rectificationcircuitry (23) and the center point of the pair of the boostingcapacitors (25) which A.C. switch (30) (31) is made of self arcextinguishing element for controlling a conduction phase.
 23. A singlephase rectification apparatus which connects a full wave rectificationcircuitry (23) (35) to a single phase A.C. power source (21) through areactor (22), connects a series connection circuitry of a pair ofsmoothing capacitors (25) between the output terminals of the full waverectification circuitry (23) (35), connects a series connectioncircuitry of a pair of diodes (34) in parallel to the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (25), connects an A.C.capacitor (24) between the center point of the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the diodes (34) and the center point of theseries connection circuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors(25), and includes a switch (36) (37) (38) (39) for selectively carryingfull wave rectification operation and voltage doubler rectificationoperation.
 24. A single phase rectification apparatus which connects aparallel connection circuitry of a half wave rectification circuitry(23) and a pair of smoothing capacitors (25) connected in series to oneanother to a single phase A.C. power source (21) through a reactor (22),connects a series connection circuitry of a pair of first diodes (34)connected in series to one another in parallel to the series connectioncircuitry of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (25), connects aseries connection circuitry of a pair of second diodes (35) in parallelto the half wave rectification circuitry (23), connects a second switch(37) between the center point of the pair of the second diodes (35) andthe center point of the pair of the first diodes (34), connects a firstswitch (36) between the center point of the pair of the second diodes(35) and the input terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry(23), connects an A.C. capacitor (24) between the center point of thepair of the smoothing capacitors (25) and the center point of the pairof the first diodes (34), connects a terminal among the seriesconnection circuitry of the single phase A.C. power source (21) and thereactor (22) which terminal is on a side which is not connected to theinput terminal of the half wave rectification circuitry (23), to thecenter point of the pair of the smoothing capacitors (25) through athird switch (38) which operates in linkage with the first switch (36),and connects the terminal to the center point of the pair of the seconddiodes (35) through a fourth switch (39).